Constitution of India - List of Important Amendments

1^st Amendment (1951): Added Ninth Schedule. This amendment provided several new grounds of restrictions to the right to freedom of speech and expression and the right to practise any profession or to carry on any trade or business as contained in Article 19 of the Constitution.

7^th Amendment (1956): Re-organisation of States (14 States, 6 UTs).

9^th Amendment (1961): Gave effect to the transfer of certain territories to Pakistan in pursuance of the agreement between Governments of India and Pakistan.

10^th Amendment (1961): Incorporated Dadra & Nagar Haveli as a UT.

12^th Amendment (1962): Incorporated G0a, Daman & Diu as a UT.

13^th Amendment (1962): Created Nagaland as a State.

14^th Amendment (1962): Inclusion of Pondicherry in the First Schedule.

18^th Amendment (1966): Reorganized Punjab into Punjab, Haryana and the UT of Chandigarh.

21^st Amendment (1967): Included Sindhi as the 15th Regional Language.

22^nd Amendment (1969): Created Meghalaya as a Sub-State within Assam.

24^th Amendment (1971): This amendment was passed in the context of a situation that emerged with the verdict in Golaknath's case by Supreme Court Accordingly, 24^th Amendment act amended Article 13 and Article 368 to remove all doubts regarding the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution including the Fundamental Rights.

25^th Amendment (1971): This amendment further amended Article 31 in the wake of the Banks Nationalisation case.

27^th Amendment (1971): Established Manipur and Tripura as states and Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh as UTs.

31^st Amendment (1973): The total strength of Lok Sabha was increased from 525 to 545 (on the basis of Census 1971).

36^th Amendment (1975): Established Sikkim as a State.

38^th Amendment (1975): It sought to make a declaration of Emergency non- judiciable and placed beyond the jurisdiction of courts, the Ordinances and Proclamation of Emergency issued by the President and Governors.

39^th Amendment (1975): Placed beyond judicial scrutiny, the election of President, PM and Chairman to either House of Parliament.

42^nd Amendment (1976): The working of the Preamble was changed from "Sovereign Democratic Republic" to read as: Sovereign Secular Democratic Republic" The life of the Lok Sabha and all State Assemblies was extended from 5 to 6 years. It laid down 10 Fundamental Duties for all Citizens, existing 12 principles of state policy were expanded and given precedence over Fundamental Rights.

44^th Amendment (1978): Deletion of Right to Property from the Fundamental Rights. Restraining the declaration of Emergency only to cases of Armed Rebellion. The restoration of life of L0k Sabha and State Assemblies to 5 years.

52^nd Amendment (1985): Added Tenth Schedule which contains provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection.

53^rd Amendment (1986): Granted statehood to the UT of Mizoram.

55^th Amendment (1986): Granted statehood to the UT of Arunachal Pradesh.

56^th Amendment (1987): Goa was made a state.

61^st Amendment (1989): Reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years.

71^st Amendment (1992): Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were included in the Eighth Schedule.

72^nd Amendment (1992): Panchayati Raj Bill passed. C0nstitution of panchayats at Village and other levels. Imposing Direct elections to all seats in Panchayats and reservation of seats for the SCs and STs and fixing of tenure of 5 years for Panchayats.

73^rd Amendment (1992): Nagarpalika bill passed. Constitution of three types of municipalities. Reservati0n of seats for SC, ST and women.

74^th Amendment (1993): A new Part IX-A relating to the Municipalities was incorporated in the Constitution of three types of Municipalities, ie, Nagai· panchayats for areas In transition from a rural area to city area, MuniCipal Corporations for larger urban areas.

80^th Amendment (2000): Deals with an alternative scheme for sharing taxes between the Union and the States.

81^st Amendment (2000): Provides that the unfilled vacancies of a year reserved for Sc/ST kept for being filled up in a year as per Article 16, shall be c0nsidered separately for filling vacancies in the succeeding year and the previous list will not be considered for filling the 50 quota of the respective year.

82^nd Amendment (2000): Provides that nothing in Article 355 shall prevent the state from making any provisions in favour of the members of SC/ST in Arunachal Pradesh where the whole population is tribal.

84^th Amendment (2001): The Act amended Article 82 and 170(3) to read Just the territorial constituencies in the States, without modifying the number of seats allotted to each State in House of People and Assemblies, including the reserved constituencies for SC and ST in 1991.

85^th Amendment (2001): Amended Article 16(4A) to provide for consequential seniority in promotion by virtue of rule of reservation for the Government servants belonging to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.

86^th Amendment (2002): Provides for (i) insertion of a new article 21 A that the State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, detarmine.

87^th Amendment (2003): This Article provides that in Article 81 of the Constitution, in clause (3), in the provision, in clause (ii). for the figures "1991 ", the figures "2001" shall be substituted.

88^th Amendment (2003): This Article provides for the insertion of a new Article 268A which states that taxes on services shall be levied by the Government of India and such tax shall be collected and appropriated by the Governmet. of India and the States in the manner provided in clause (2).

89^th Amendment (2003): This Article provides for the amendment of Article 338 and insertion of a new article 338A which provides that there shall be a National commission for ST.

90^th Amendment (2003): This Amendment provided that for elections to the Legislative Assembly of the State of Assom, the representation of the ST and non-ST in the constituencies including in the Bodoland Territorial ,L"reas District, so notified, and existing prior to the constitution of the Bodoland Territorial Extents District, shall be maintained.

91^st Amendment (2003): This Article provides that the total number of Ministers, comprising the PM, in the Council of Ministers shall not exceed fifteen per cent of the total number of members of the House of the people.

92^nd Amendment (2003): This Article provides for the inclusion of four new languages, viz. Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.

93^rd Amendment (2005): In this Amendment, a provision has been inserted that the State (ie, parliament or other legisla- tures) can make laws for the advancement of the SC, ST or the OBCs of citizens in matters of admission to educational institutions, Including private unaided institutions.

94^th Amendment (2006): This article provides that in article 164 of the Constitution in clause (1), In the provixio. for the word "Bihar", the words "Chhattisgarh"and "Jharkhand" shall be substituted.

95^th Amendment (2010 ): Extended the reservation of seats in Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for SC and ST from sixty to seventy years.

96^th Amendment (2011): Substituted "Odia" for" Oriya"

97^th Amendment (2012): Added the words "or co-operative societies" in Article 19(1)(c) and inserted article 43B ie, Promotion of Co-0perative Societies and added Part-IXB i.e. The Co-0perative Societies.

98^th Amendment (2013): To empower governor of Karnataka to take steps to develop Hyderabad-Karnataka region.