General Awareness - Basic, Applied, General Chemistry Notes - Part 1

Basic Chemistry - General Chemistry - Applied Chemistry Notes for all Competitive Exams - Part I

• The purest form of carbon is Diamond. 
• A Mixture of water and alcohol can be separated by distillation. 
• Radiocarbon Dating, widely employed to determine the age of objects of animal of vegetable origin involves the radioisotope carbon 14. 
• The use of ozone kills Micro-organisms in water. 
• Electrons in motion behave as if they were waves. 
• Sodium is soluble in benzene and ether. 
• Sun's material is of H2 and He 90%.
• From liquid air oxygen is prepared by Clud's process. 
• Ozone gas turns silver into black. 
• Graphite and heavy water can be used as a moderator in atomic reactors. 
• Citric acid makes a lemon sour in taste. 
• A catalyst decreases the activation energy and alter the rate Mechanism.  
• Fluming sulphuric acid is called oleum. 
• The atoms of metals tend to lose electrons. 
• Pure water contains O2 up to the level of 89%.
• Water boils at 100^oCunder a pressure of 760mm of Hg.
• Two solutions are said to be isotonic when they have the same somatic pressure. 
• The element which forms the largest number of compounds with hydrogen is carbon. 
• Gypsum is added to cement clinker to decrease the rate of setting of cement. 
• The industrial preparation of metal aluminium from bauxite involves the process of electrolysis. 
• Molecular weight of the gas is equal to 2 X vapour density. 
• Phosphorus is kept under water to save it from catching fire when exposed to dry air. 
• During the burning of fuel carbon and hydrogen present in fuels are converted into CO2 and H20 vapor. 
• Helium is preferred to hydrogen in air balloons because it does not form an explosive mixture with air. 
• The pure crystalline form of Silica used in scientific apparatus for passing UV-light is called quartz glass. 
• Wood charcoal is obtained by burning wood out of contact with air. 
• Steel contains 0.1-2% of carbon. 
• The solubility of gases in liquids increases with increases of pressure. 
• A transuranic element is one which has a higher atomic number than Uranium and is thus radioactive in nature. 
• The atomicity of an atom is the number of atoms in one molecule of it. 
• Highly electropositive metals are extracted by electrolytic reduction. 
• Soda water is the solution of CO gas in water.
• Uranium is naturally occurring radioactive element which emits a-particles and is converted into thorium. 
• Nitrogen fertilizer having maximum amount of Nitrogen is urea. 
• Water is called 'the Standard Solvent' 
• The phenomenon of diffusion is utilized in uranium enrichment and perfume - spraying. 
• The chief chemical component of pearls is calcium carbonate. 
• Any gas contains zero volume at 273°C temperature. 
• Absolute zero is the hypothetical temperature at which in gaseous state the molecular motion causes and the volume of the gas becomes zero. 
• Nucleus is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of the atom. 
• The percentage of lime in cement is 50. 
• Rain water helps to increase the Calcium content to some extent.
• Liquid sodium is used as a coolant in Nuclear reactors. 
• Radioactivity happens only in heavier elements because only heavy nuclei will be unstable. 
• The chemical name for marble is calcium carbonate. 
• The minimum possible temperature beyond which matter cannot be cooled that IS-273.lS°C.
• Atomic hydrogen has a life period of fraction of sound. 
• The melting point of ice decreases by increasing pressure. 
• If gas is expanded at constant temperature the pressure decreases but the kinetic energy of the molecules remains the same. 
• Sulphur compounds are the most harmful pollutant for archaeological artifacts. 
• The scattering of light in colloidal solution is called Tyndale effect. 
• Lt. is difficult to measure the pollutant carbon monoxide (CO) in the atmosphere (as it's colourless, odourless and almost of the same density as air. 
• The resistance of any pure metal increases with increases in temperature. 
• In the process of radioactivity V-rays are emitted from the nuclei. 
• Real gases obey Vander Waal's law. 
• A gas has property of indefinite expansion and neither a fixed volume nor a fixed shape. 
• No dew is formed. When it is a cloudily conditions. 
• The main constituents of table salt are sodium and chlorine. 
• Carbon atoms are arranged in a tetrahedral configuration in Diamond. 
• Dew formation increases: When the relative humidity of air is high. 
• A gas is most soluble in a liquid at low temperature and high pressure. 
• Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic, but not a natural one. 
• As excited hydrogen atoms return to the ground sate they emit protons. 
• Atoms are composed of electrons and nuclei (i.e.) protons and Neutrons. 
• Zinc and copper make the terminals of the torch cell. 
• Cobalt is useful in making rust-resistant alloys. 
• Chlorine is used to kill germs in an Indoor swimming pool. 
• In cold countries, alcohol is preferred to mercury as a thermometer liquid because alcohol has a very low freezing point
• U-233 is derived from thorium. 
• Gasohol is a combination of gasoline and ethyl alcohol. 
• A petrol fire can be best extinguished by using water and halogenated hydro carbons. 
• When a radioactive element emits a α-particle. 
• Its atomic number is reduced by 2 and its atomic Mass by 4. But, when β-particles is lost it goes one place ahead in the periodic Table. 
• If the pH-value of a given solution is made to decrease its acidity will increase. 
• Water boils below 100°C at higher altitudes because atmospheric pressure is low there. 
• The electronegativity of elements decrease while going down is a group in the Periodic Table. 
• Sodium would burn when put into water. 
• Calcium is extracted from electrolysis. 
• Cathode rays are deflected by electric and magnetic field. 
• Radio-isotopes of short half-lives produce very high level of radiation in a short period.
• Hydrogen cannot be used as an automobile fuel because of its highly explosive nature. 
• U-235 is the chief fuel used in nuclear reactors (only 0.7%) but the bulk of the natural Uranium is U-238. 
• The volume of a gas increases with increase in temperature. Keeping pressure constants. 
• The coolant used in fast breeder reactors is generally liquid sodium. 
• Carbon is present in all common fuels. 
• Bordeaux mixture is used as a fungicide. 
• Gases mix by the process of diffusion. 
• Metals are better conductors of heat because of ionic bonding. 
• The element common in glass cement and quartz is silicon.
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