General Awareness-Basic Chemistry-General & Applied Chemistry Notes-Part 3

General Awareness-Basic Chemistry-General & Applied Chemistry Notes-Part 3

General Awareness - Basic Chemistry - General Chemistry - Applied Chemistry Notes for All Competitive Exams - Part III

  • The hardness of diamond is due to its tetrahedral structure. 
  • The catalyst in rusting of Iron is moisture. 
  • Air and water must be present if iron is to rust.
  • Pure alcohol can be easily obtained from wine by the process of distillation. 
  • Amphoteric substances are those which react both with acids and bases. 
  • The boiling point of water is unaffected by the temperature of heat source. 
  • The metal which is least affected by the exposure to the atmosphere is tin. 
  • Ozone attacks mercury and silver. 
  • Strongest hydrogen bonding is shown by Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) 
  • Mercury is generally used as a thermometric fluid rather than water because it greater visibility than that of water. 
  • Common salt obtained from sea. 
  • Addition of water molecules to a chemical compound is called hydrolysis. 
  • An atom has no net electric change
  • Noble metals do not corrode or tarnish in air or water. 
  • A substance which conducts electricity when molten or solution but not in the solid state is called an electrotype. 
  • The water content in the atmosphere becomes more as temperature increases. 
  • Amino acids are formed from α-keto acids. 
  • Atomic Number is the number of protons on the nucleus of an atom. 
  • Cooking oil can be converted into vegetable ghee by process of hydro generation. 
  • When silver is exposed to the atmosphere, a thin layer of silver sulphide appears on the surface. 
  • An ideal gas cannot be liquefied as its critical temperature is always above 0oC.
  • Fluorescent powder is used for developing finger prints on a multi coloured surface. 
  • Pure water is obtained from the sea water by evaporation. 
  • The acid that can be used as a hypnotic is barbituric acid. 
  • Neutralization of an acid by a base is an example of double decomposition.
  • A moderator regulates the number of nuclei split by the impact of neutrons. 
  • The solution of sodium chloride is neutral. 
  • Ammonium nitrate is a powerful destructive agent. 
  • Cesium is used for time-keeping in an atomic clock. 
  • Colour of solid iodine is steel grey. 
  • IA to VII A groups of elements are known as normal elements. 
  • The element which is used as a semiconductor in transistors is germination. 
  • Acid rain is caused by the pollution of Environment due to Nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide. 
  • Chlorination means the addition of a small quantity of chlorine in water as a germicide. 
  • Rising of dough in the process of manufacture of bread is through the action of CO2, 
  • The elements of group to VII B and VII are called the transition elements. 
  • Coloured glasses for goggles contain ferrous oxide. 
  • The industrial preparation of metal aluminium from Bauxite involves the process of electrolysis. 
  • Sachharinderer is an instrument to determine the pressure of the gas. 
  • In case of a chemical change - electron is generally affected. 
  • To make rubber strong and bounceable we add Sulphur. 
  • The smallest possible unit of chemical compound is molecule. 
  • Synthetic detergents are a mixture-of sodium salts of aromatic and aliphatic sulphuric acids. 
  • An alloy which melts at the lower temperatures is solder. 
  • Diamond is very hard, while graphite is very soft. 
  • Plutonium can be directly used for nuclear explosion and hence very important 
  • Water gas is the Mixture of CO and H2
  • Aniline is used in dyes and medicines. 
  • When the solute is mixed in solvent its boiling point increases. 
  • Duralium contains 95% aluminium. 
  • The enormous energy released in an atomic explosion is due to the conversion of mass into energy. 
  • When some impurity is added to the solvent, its boiling point increases with the amount of impurity. 
  • The internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature. 
  • Low ionization energy is characteristic feature of a metal. 
  • The temporary hardness of water is due to the presence of the bicarbonates of Ca and Mg. 
  • To make artificial rain silver iodide is needed. 
  • Peal ash is potassium carbonate. 
  • At absolute zero temperature the total kinetic energy of the molecules is zero. 
  • The solubility of solids increases with increase in temperature. 
  • Baking powder contains sodium bicarbonates and tartaric acid. 
  • In the process of electroplating electric energy is converted into heat energy or magnetic energy or chemical energy.
  • Fog is a colloidal solution of gas and liquid. 
  • Lead pencil is graphite. 
  • Heavy Water (D2O) is called heavy because it is an oxide of deuterium.
  • Size of the nucleus is 10-12 meter.
  • The space between nuclei and electrons in an atom is vacant. 
  • Gaseous fuels are preferred in Industries. 
  • Sulphuric acid is produced by the lead chamber process. 
  • Carbon-dating is used to determine the gas of fossils. 
  • Argental (Ag2S) is an alloy of Silver. 
  • More than one neutron is released in the process is used for dry-cleaning of clothes. 
  • X-rays are produced when very high energy electrons are stopped suddenly at a metal target. 
  • The fundamental units of radioactivity are Curie and Becquerel 
  • The amount of humidity present in air divided by the maximum humidity that air can processes is known as relative humidity. 
  • In general glasses are bad conductor of electricity. 
  • Bleaching powder is a light yellow powder which reacts with oil acids to release Cl2 and acts as an oxidizing.
  • Gold is the most ductile of all the metals. 
  • Chlorine gas bleaches the flowers. 
  • The resistance of a Semi-conductor decreases within increase of temperature. 
  • Ammonia is produced by the Haber's process. 
  • Ethanol is also called 'grain alcohol'. 
  • Green vitriol is FeS07H2O
  • Detergent's action of soap is due to decrease in surface tension of water. 
  • There is no effect of temperature pressure etc. on radioactivity. 
  • Malachite is the mineral of copper. 
  • The isotope of Uranium which is very much radioactive is U-235. 
  • The resistance of Mercury becomes zero at 4k. 
  • Large energy release in an atomic bomb explosion is mainly due to the product having a lesser mass than initial substance. 
  • Ethyl alcohol is used as a Sedative i.e. Soothing medicine. 
  • White phosphorus is a strong poison. 
  • Y-rays are produced by nuclear changes in the atom. 
  • Alcohol is used for during cleaning of clothes. 
  • The age of an artifact is determined using the technique based on radio carbon dating and chemical kinetics. 
  • Rust is hydrated ferric oxide
  • For welding the gas is used acetylene. 
  • The Lightest particle is electron 0 β particle. 
  • Water is not applicable to extinguish oil fire and electrical fire. 
  • Density of water is Maximum at 4°C.
  • Electroscope is used to detect the presence of charge on a body. 
  • Filament of electric bulbs are made up of Tungsten. 
  • Fast Breeding Reactor is a nuclear reactor to produce electricity though fusion process. 
  • Electric bulbs are filled with Argon gas. 
  • Mercury (Liquid) is the good conductor of heat. 
  • Pure gold is softer than steel. 
  • Water boils below 100°C at higher altitudes because the atmospheric pressure is low there.
  • U-238 ultimately decays to a stable isotope i.e. Lead- 206. 
  • The fissionable isotope of Uranium and therefore, important for nuclear reactors is U-235. 
  • Solder alloy melts at the lowest temperature. 
  • Bio-energy is a renewable source of energy. 
  • Graphite is crystalline allotropes of carbon. Which a good conductor of electricity and can produced artificially. 
  • Pressure law verifies relation between pressure and temperature content volume. 
  • Gobar gas main constituent methane. 
  • Nitrogen fixation means conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into useful compounds. 
  • A breeder nuclear reactor produces more fissionable material than it consumes. 
  • X-ray was invented by W.E. Roentgen 1895 (Germany) 
  • The Chemical name of packing soda is sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO2).
  • Crude petroleum is converted into petrol through a process called fractional distillation. 
  • The Mixture of sand arid iodine can be separated by sublimation. 
  • Click For Part 1 | Part II | Part IV

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