General Awareness-General Chemistry-Applied & Basic Chemistry Notes-Part 4

General Awareness - Basic Chemistry - General Chemistry - Applied Chemistry Notes for All Competitive Exams - Part IV

• Water glass is a mixture of Sodium Silicate. 
• The gas responsible for the Bhopal Gas Tragedy was Methyl Isocyanates. 
• Phenol is used as an antiseptic. 
• Bleaching powder is made from lime and chlorine. 
• Graphite in nuclear reactors is used as moderator for neutrons. 
• The element common to all acids is hydrogen. 
• Calcium silicate is the main constituent of glass. 
• The conversion of a substance directly from solid to vapor state is known as sublimation e.g. Camphor Iodine etc. 
• Sodium benzoate is used for preservation purposes. 
• Oxygen is was discovered by Priestley 
• Heavy water, Graphite and Neutrons are used as Moderator in nuclear reactors. 
• A mixture of water and Sodium chloride can be separated distillation. 
• The particle that is used to trigger off the nuclear fission reaction is neutron. 
• Excessive chlorination leads to pollution of water by producing HCL. 
• Wax is rich in hydrocarbons. 
• The most common type of radioactive disintegration involves β-particles. 
• Acetylene and oxygen find application in gas welding. 
• Anthracite is the purest form of mineral coal. 
• CO2 is used in fire extinguishers.
• RDX and Nitroglycerine are explosives. 
• Hydrogen is used in billing balloons
• Soap is prepared by boiling caustic soda with fats. 
• The first known super conductor is Mercury. 
• In a nuclear reactor uncontrolled fission reaction takes place. 
• In the process of electroplating of an object with nickel the nickel is made anode while the object is made cathode. 
• Radioactivity is due to unstable and heavy nucleus. 
• Low combustion temperature and high calorific value are the feature of a good fuel. 
• Atomic weight = Equivalent weight x valency. 
• When an element burns in air. It is converted into a compound. 
• The element present in the largest amount in rock and minerals is silicon. 
• An element common in nichrome and German Silver is Nickel.
• Chloral when heated with cone H2S04 gives D.D.T. 
• The setting of Plaster of Paris is due to hydration. 
• Green vitriol is ferric sulphate (FeS047H2O). While blue vitriol is (CuS045H2O).
• Corborundum is used as an abrasive for cutting and grinding glasses. 
• Maximum 'Gobar Gas' is produced during the rainy season. 
• The boiling point of a liquid increases with boiling point of a liquid increases with increases of pressure. 
• Combustion of candle is an example of exothermic reaction. 
• Y-rays are used for sterilizing food stuffs controlling pests and cancer therapy. 
• To check the flow of blood ferric chloride is used. 
• Cryolite is a double - floride of Aluminium and Sodium. 
• The Chemical name of the Lunar Caustic is Silver Nitrate (AgNO3)
• The total number of electrons in Ammonium Ion (NH4 ⁺) is 10
• A fusion reaction is initiated by high temperature. 
• Evaporation takes place at all temperatures from the surface and is accompanied by cooling. 
• The gas used in refrigerators is Amonia.
• Zinc phosphate and zinc phosphate are used as rat poisons. 
• Aluminium phosphate is used as pesticide. 
• Bronze is an alloy of Cu and Sn. While Brass is that of Cu and Zn. 
• Electro Static Precipitators (ESP) can help to reduce the menace of fly-ash. 
• L.P.G. consists mainly of propane and butane. 
• Geiger - Muller counter is a device for detecting radioactive materials. 
• Chemically the bulk of biogas consists methane (CH4). 
• In a fission reaction, a heavy atomic nucleus splits up with the emission of neutrons.
• The domestic cooking gas consists mostly of liquefied butane and isobutene. 
• Natural gas predominately is methane. 
• Gelatin is used in the manufacture of ice-cream prevent crystal growth. 
• In Dead Sea, the boiling point of water will be maximum. 
• The metals, which can be drawn into wires is called ducts. 
• The mass of the proton is 1800 times that of an electron. 
• Soaps are produced by the Saponification of fats with alkali solution. 
• The lightest substance known is Hydrogen and the heaviest is Osmium. 
• Alcoholic beverages contain ethyl alcohol. 
• The corrosion of Iron can be prevented by galvanizing and coating it with grease. 
• Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO) finds application in the preparation of bread, biscuits and vegetable ghee. 
• Methyl alcohol causes blindness. When present in liquor. 
• Magnesium is commonly extracted from seawater commercially. 
• Nitrous Oxide (N20) is used as an anesthetic.
• The most common element by weight in Earth's crust is oxygen. 
• When a solid metals, thermal energy is absorbed. 
• Chromatography is the Science to Separate. 
• Diamond is harder than graphite due to the difference in its crystalline structure. 
• Plutonium is not found in nature.
• The substance whose aqueous solution will be better conductor of electricity than water is the common salt. 
• Mercury 'is also known as Quick Silver. 
• Enriched Uranium means natural uranium which has been coated with -235. 
• At Kelvin zero the motion of the molecules ceases. 
• At its melting point ice is lighter than water because Ice crystals have follow hexagonal arrangement of H20 molecule.
• Vinegar is an aqueous solution of acetic acid. 
• A discharge of electricity through neon at low temperature produces an intense orange-red glow. 
• When iron rusts its weights increases. 
• Nuclear fusion is also known as ThermoNuclear reaction because in demands conditions of extremely high temperatures.
• Brownian Movement is observed in vessel containing gas and dust particles. 
• H202 is stored in coloured bottles in order to prevent self-oxidation and reduction. 
• In a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) the cathode rays emanate from cathode and travel forwards. 
• All bicarbonates are soluble in water. 
• Sulphuric acid is used as a dehydrating agent. 
• Nichrome wire is used as a heating element in many appliances because it can be drawn into wires easily and it resists oxidation in air when red hot. 
• Glycerin, in fact is an alcohol. 
• In a common fluorescent tube mercury and organ are used
• The resinous substance, shellac is obtained from the distillation of wood. 
• The element showing maximum tendency towards catenation is carbon. 
• Among the fertilizers, urea has the maximum nitrogen content. 
• Wood heated in an enclosed container will produce char coal. 
• If the pH-values of an acid is lower it means it is stronger. 
• The Chemical commonly used for preserving biological specimens is formaldehyde. 
• The process of loss of electrons in a chemical reaction is called oxidation. 
• A thermostat is a device used to maintain a constant temperature of a water bath or an oven. 
• Sulphuric acid is often called the king of chemicals. 
• Filter beds used to remove suspended impurities from municipal water consists of fine S and char coal and gravel. 
• The evaporation of a liquid is accompanied by decrease in entropy. 
• Isotopes are generally separated by distillation. 
• When some salt is sprinkled on slab of ice, it does not melt readily. 
• Catalyst in a chemical reaction generally helps to accelerate a reaction. 
• D.D.T and Gammexane are insecticides. 
• Cadmium rod is used in a reactor to absorb neutrons. 
• German Silver is an alloy of Zn, Cu and Ni
• Alcohol mixed with water can be separated by the process of distillation. 
• In a dry cell zinc and carbon act as electrodes. 
• The process of apply in zinc is called galvanization. 
• The oil in water is an example of suspension. 
• Sun's energy is due to Nuclear Fusion in which Hydrogen is converted into Helium. 
• The force of attraction - between like molecules is called cohesion 
• Permanent hardness of water is due to the sulphates of Ca and Mg. 
• Air is neither an element nor a compound but a mixture. 
• A large amount of energy is released during nuclear fission because of a loss of Mass. 
• Plaster of Paris (CaS04H2O) is basically gypsum ( CaS04  1/2 H20 ).
• Aqua regia is cone nitric acid and cone hydrochloric acid. 
• Among the constituents of air, the largest in proportion is Nitrogen. 
• Malathion is an insecticide. 
• Lead is added to Petrol as an octane booster. 
• The cosmic rays entering our atmosphere are almost entirely positively charged particles. 
• Heating element in an electric heater is made of nichrome. 
• A variety of glass used for optical purpose contains lead silicate. 
• Vinyl plastics are used as adhesive. 
• Heavy water (D20) is used in a reactor to slow down neutrons.
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are chemical compounds that find application in refrigeration and air conditioning.
• Rubber is a polymer of isoprene while Nylon is a polyamide. 
• Two metals combine to form an alloy. 
• The Freezing point of water decreases, when some soluble is dissolved in it. 
• Boiling point of water increases with increase in pressure. 
• The moderator in a nuclear reactor slows down the neutron to increase the probability of fission. 
• Sodium is stored in Kerosene in order to avoid its evaporation. 
• A tomb bomb is an example of nuclear fission reaction. While Hydrogen bomb is that of nuclear fusion reaction. 
• Wrought Iron is purest type of Iron that contains least amount of carbon.
• In the Halogen family Iodine exists as solid and Bromine as liquid. 
• The explosion of an atom bomb is caused by the un controlled fission reaction of U-23S. 
• Salt solution in water is a good conductor of electricity. 
• The best conductor of electricity is distilled water. 
• γ-rays are electromagnetic radiations. 
• Otto Hahn invented nuclear fission as well as atom bomb. 
• In a fast breeder reactor. U-238 gets converted into plutonium-239. 
• In a refrigerator cooling is produced by the evaporation of a volatile liquid. 
• The charge carried by a proton is equal but opposite to that of an electron. 
• Fire caused by petrol can be extinguished by foam. While due to electricity by carbon, tetrachloride (CCI4)
• Ethyl Alcohol (C2H5OH) is manufactured industrially by fermentation of cane sugar.
• Calcination is a process in which the ore is heated in absence of air. 
• Change of liquid to gaseous sate is called vaporization. 
• Diamond is the hardest natural occurring substance because of covalent bonds between its atoms. 
• Lead provides a good protective shield against radioactivity. 
• Detergents are made of sulphates. 
• CO2 alone contributes to global warming
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