General Awareness-Biology Notes-General Biology Online - Part 1

General Awareness - General Biology Online - Biology Notes for All Competitive Exams - Part I

• A chemical change in DNA molecule is called mutation. 
• Glycogen acts as a short-term food reserve in animals. 
• Estrogen is a female-sex hormone. 
• The enzyme amylase aids in the digestion of starch. 
• ATP synthesis takes place in mitochondria. 
• 70% of the body weight of a man is water. 
• Adipose tissue in human being is present below dermis. 
• The tough transparent membrane that protects the eye ball is called cornea. 
• Energy is produced in human body by Carbohydrates. 
• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) provides energy for all kinds of activities of a cell. 
• Cell wall and vacuoles are present in a plant cell but are absent in an animal cell. 
• Sugar is the product of the dark reactions of photosynthesis. 
• Melvin Kelvin was awarded Nobel Prize for his work on Photosynthesis 
• Chlorophyll contains magnesium in granae. 
• The largest flower in the world is Refflessia and the smallest one is wolfessia. 
• Penicillin is obtained from penicillium Notatum. 
• Reserpine derived from the plant 'serpentine' is used to alleviate high blood pressure. 
• Plants, living in acidic soils, are called oxalophytes. 
• Photosynthesis is most active in blue and red light in which light energy is converted into chemical energy and 02 is not a limiting process during this process. 
• The smallest bone, lies stapes is found in the human ear. 
• Enzymes are basically proteins. 
• Mitochondria is called the 'power house of the cell'
• Pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland. 
• Persons of blood group '0' are called 'Universal Donor' while that of 'AB' are called 'Universal Acceptors'. 
• Seedless fruits are formed by parthenogenesis. 
• Simple plants that contain no chlorophyll are called fungi. 
• Spirogyra is commonly known as 'pond silk' 
• The longest muscle in the human body is found in thigh. 
• In some leaves, the outermost layer of cells secrets continuous waxy layer, called cuticle. 
• In a leaf, the opening between two guard cells is stomata. 
• Gibberellins are responsible for cell elongation. 
• The chemical name of chlorophyll is magnesium Dihydro prophysin. 
• Bile is produced in liver and stored in gel bladder. 
• All arteries, except pulmonary artery carry oxygenated blood. 
• The main function of W.B. C. is to produce antibodies. 
• Retina in the eye, acts as a film in the camera. 
• Human tears contain a mild antibacterial agent, named Lysozyme. 
• The biggest bone in the human body is femur. 
• Vitamin B12 is almost never found in plants. 
• Agrostology is the study of grasses. 
• Phycology is the study of a algae while the study of fossils is called paleontology 
• For the formation of chlorophyll iron and magnesium are needed. 
• Hydroponics is cultivating plants without using soil. 
• Palco botany is the study of fossils of botanical specimens. 
• Pepsin & Lactose enzymes ad on proteins in the digestive system. 
• The water soluble vitamins are vitamin B and C. 
• Insulin in the human body is produced by Pancreas. 
• Aorta is an artery which carries oxygenated blood. 
• The main region of small intestine for food absorption is ileum. 
• R.B.C. survives for 120 days. 
• Chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis in plants. 
• The vegetation of the desert consists of xerophytes. 
• Carrot is a root. While potato is a steam. 
• Penicillin is produced from fungi. 
• A good source of vitamin A is carrot. 
• Plants take nitrogen in the form of nitrates. 
• Chlorella algae is rich in protein. 
• The cells of woody stem, which are most important for the growth in thickness are called the cambium cells. 
• The outer layer of cells of a stem is called epidermis. 
• Abscise acid is directly responsible for the shedding of a leaf, flower or fruit from a plant. 
• The largest sperms among plants are found in gymnosperms. 
• The 'red snow' phenomenon is caused by the growth of algae. 
• Seed dormancy can be broken by treating the seeds with gibberalic acid. 
• A plant or plant cell having half the number of chromosomes than a normal body cell is called haploid. 
• Vitamin-K helps in the process of blood-clotting. 
• Amphibian refers to animals, which can live on both land and water. 
• The yellow colour of urine is due to the presence of Urochrome. 
• Pituitary gland is the growth gland in human body 
• Wisdom teeth appear in a human being when age is between 17-30 years. 
• Oxygen is present in maximum quantity in human body. 
• The exchange of 02 and CO2 takes place in our lungs at alveoli. 
• Vitamin-C is found in apples, apricot, and strawberry but not in date. 
• Impure blood in the body enters the heart through right auricle. 
• The total number of bones in an adult human body is 206. 
• The face of a man is made up of 14 bones. 
• Maximum absorption in human body takes place in spleen. 
• Blood in human body is formed by yellow bone marrow. 
• Spleen serves as a 'Blood Bank' in the body. 
• The erythrocytes in mammals are enucleated, except in camel. 
• The voice-box in birds is Syrinx. 
• The average human eye can distinguish about 40 shades of colours. 
• Chronology implies the art of repairing damaged bones. 
• Tibia and Fibula are the bones present in leg. 
• The basic defect of blood in Rhesus negative (Rh-negative) in individuals is that certain antibodies cannot be produced by their blood. 
• Iron in the body is found mostly in hemoglobin, liver and kidneys. 
• An earthworm has no eyes. 
• Mitosis is the process of the division of somatic cells of an organism. 
• Dry epithelium is found in hairs. 
• A person's colour of eyes depends upon the particular pigment present in the iris. 
• Ovulation generally occurs mid-way through the menstrual cycle. 
• The crossing over of the chromosomes takes place in meiosis. 
• The largest blood vessel in the body is Aorta. 
• Urea is removed from the blood by Kidneys. 
• The Iris regulates the size of the Pupil in human eye. 
• Estrogen, Testosterone and Androsterone are the sex- hormones. 
• Appendix vermiform in man is a vestigial organ. 
• The body stores food in the form of fat in adipose tissue. 
• The Scientific study of teeth is called odontology. 
• Ontology is the study of tumors. 
• Oology is the science, which studies birds, eggs, etc. 
• Asexual reproduction requires one individual of either sex. 
• Antigens are capable of stimulating the formation of antibodies. . 
• The yellow colour of cow’s milk is due to the presence of riboflavin. 
• The nucleus is absent in Escherichia coli. 
• Presence of Urea in the blood is called Uremia. 
• In adult human beings, the number of vertebrae is 26. 
• Body-building is anabolism, while its disintegration is Katabolism. 
• Protoplesm is the physical basis of life 
• The part of human brain that controls sneezing is Medulla oblongata. 
• In human body iron is stored in liver. 
• The temperature of human body is controlled by hypothalamus. 
• Taxonomy is the science dealing with the identification, classification and nomenclature of all living organisms. 
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